Abstract:
Scientific Crime Investigation constitutes a science-based investigative approach that utilizes forensic technology and expert analysis to uncover criminal acts. Despite its increasing use in criminal investigations, the legal position and evidentiary validity of Scientific Crime Investigation remain insufficiently regulated, resulting in normative ambiguity and inconsistent judicial practice. This research aims to examine the regulation of the role of Scientific Crime Investigation experts in the disclosure of criminal acts from the perspective of Pancasila justice, to identify weaknesses in the existing legal framework, and to formulate a reconstruction of regulatory norms governing the use of Scientific Crime Investigation in criminal proceedings. The study applies Pancasila justice theory, legal system theory, and progressive legal theory within a constructivist paradigm, employing a socio-legal research approach. Primary data reflecting legal realities in investigative and judicial practices and secondary legal materials were collected and analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. The findings of this research reveal that, first, the absence of explicit legal recognition of Scientific Crime Investigation as valid evidence has resulted in normative uncertainty and recurring disputes regarding the reliability, admissibility, and probative value of scientific findings in judicial proceedings. Second, structural and institutional weaknesses continue to hinder the effective use of Scientific Crime Investigation, including limited forensic infrastructure, shortages of qualified human resources, inadequate understanding of scientific investigative methods, weak coordination between investigators and forensic experts, and high operational costs. Third, substantive and cultural weaknesses remain evident due to the lack of standardized norms governing scientific investigative outputs and public noncompliance with investigative procedures, which collectively compromise crime scene integrity and the credibility of scientific analysis. These findings demonstrate the necessity of normative reconstruction to formally integrate Scientific Crime Investigation into the criminal justice system in accordance with the values of Pancasila justice.
References
Abdul Basir Mohamad and Nurbazla Ismail, ‘Structural Discrimination in Online Defamation Enforcement: A Hybrid Analysis of Malaysian Criminal Law and Islamic Jurisprudence’, Journal Discrimination and Injustice, 2025, 75–91 https://doi.org/10.70992/sw534g66
Adinda, Fadhel Arjuna, Ema Rahmawati, Eman Suparman, Ridwan Arifin and Souad Ezzerouali, ‘The Challenge of Admitting Electronic Evidence in Civil Procedure Law’, Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum Dan Keadilan, 13 (2025), 656–80 https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v13i3.1873
Agapiou, Andrew, ‘The Reliability of Expert Evidence in Construction Litigation: Towards Institutional Reliability’, Buildings, 15 (2025), 4215 https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15234215
Amriyanto, Amriyanto, Husen Alting, Handar Subhandi Bakhtiar and Grahadi Purna Putra, ‘Breaking the Cycle: Reforming Indonesia’s Justice System to Prioritize Victim-Centered Solutions’, Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 24 (2024), 414 https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2024.24.3.15577
Anis Mashdurohatun, Bambang Sugihartono, Nurul Masrifah, Arief Indra Kusuma Adhi and Henning Glaser, ‘Combating Digital Defamation: Regulations, Challenges and Protecting Reputation’, Journal of Sustainable Development and Regulatory Issues (JSDERI), 3 (2025), 486–514 https://doi.org/10.53955/jsderi.v3i3.147
Anis Mashdurohatun, Yusfandi Usman, Toni Ariadi Efendi, Purwatik Purwatik and Istiniyati Istiniyati, ‘Rethinking Palm Oil Plastic Regulations for Sustainable and Ecological Justice’, Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 5 (2025), 500–530 https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v5i2.681
Araya-Moreno, Javiera, ‘How to Not Have to Know: Legal Technicalities and Flagrant Criminal Offenses in Santiago, Chile’, Law & Society Review, 56 (2022), 329–43 https://doi.org/10.1111/lasr.12624
Arif Setiawan, Muhammad, ‘Arrest and Detention in Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code under Human Rights Perspective’, International Journal of Social Science, Education, Communication and Economics (SINOMICS JOURNAL), 1 (2022), 153–62 https://doi.org/10.54443/sj.v1i2.15
Bakhtiar, Handar Subhandi, ‘The Evolution of Scientific Evidence Theory in Criminal Law: A Transformative Insight’, Media Iuris, 7 (2024), 221–40 https://doi.org/10.20473/mi.v7i2.51095
Bakhtiar, Handar Subhandi, Amir Ilyas, Abdul Kholiq and Handina Sulastrina Bakhtiar, ‘The Utilisation of Scientific Crime Investigation Methods and Forensic Evidence in the Criminal Investigation Process in Indonesia’, Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 15 (2025), 39 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-025-00456-y
Baskin, Deborah and Ira Sommers, ‘The Influence of Forensic Evidence on the Case Outcomes of Homicide Incidents’, Journal of Criminal Justice, 38 (2010), 1141–49 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.09.002
Beltrán Calfurrapa, Ramón, ‘Miscarriage of Justice and Expert Evidence on the Credibility of Children’s Testimony: Some Issues Regarding Its Use in Chile and Spain’, The International Journal of Evidence & Proof, 29 (2025), 79–97 https://doi.org/10.1177/13657127241253019
Bitzer, Sonja, Michelle D Miranda and Rebecca E Bucht, ‘Forensic Advisors: The Missing Link’, WIREs Forensic Science, 4 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1002/wfs2.1444
Brookman, Fiona, Helen Jones, Robin Williams and Jim Fraser, ‘Crafting Credible Homicide Narratives: Forensic Technoscience in Contemporary Criminal Investigations’, Deviant Behavior, 43 (2022), 340–66 https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2020.1837692
Burns, Leah, Nadege Le Roux, Robert Kalesnik-Orszulak, Jennifer Christian, Mathias Hukkelhoven, Frank Rockhold, and others, ‘Real-World Evidence for Regulatory Decision-Making: Guidance From Around the World’, Clinical Therapeutics, 44 (2022), 420–37 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2022.01.012
Butt, Simon and Andreas Nathaniel, ‘Evidence from Criminal Law Experts in Indonesian Criminal Trials: Usurping the Judicial Function?’, The International Journal of Evidence & Proof, 28 (2024), 129–53 https://doi.org/10.1177/13657127231217319
Chango, Xavier, Omar Flor-Unda, Pedro Gil-Jiménez and Hilario Gómez-Moreno, ‘Technology in Forensic Sciences: Innovation and Precision’, Technologies, 12 (2024), 120 https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies12080120
Charan, J Lakshmi and K Sita Manikyam, ‘Forensic Science and Its Limitations in Rape and Murder Cases in India’, Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine, 9 (2023), 91–97 https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_98_21
Chornous, Yuliia and Oleksandr Dulskyi, ‘International and European Forensic Support Standards for Criminal Proceedings’, Ûridičnij Časopis Nacìonalʹnoï Akademìï Vnutrìšnìh Sprav, 14 (2024), 9–18 https://doi.org/10.56215/naia-chasopis/1.2024.09
Chown, Steven L, Kees Bastmeijer, Cassandra M Brooks, Neil Gilbert, Laura M Phillips and Akiho Shibata, ‘Science Advice for International Governance – An Evidence-Based Perspective on the Role of SCAR in the Antarctic Treaty System’, Marine Policy, 163 (2024), 106143 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106143
Crispino, Frank, Céline Weyermann, Olivier Delémont, Claude Roux and Olivier Ribaux, ‘Towards Another Paradigm for Forensic Science?’, WIREs Forensic Science, 4 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1002/wfs2.1441
Dmello, Jared R and Stuti Kokkalera, ‘Teaching Beyond Borders: Elevating Global Perspectives in the Criminal Justice Classroom’, Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 36 (2025), 103–20 https://doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2024.2389092
Elyamany, Nashwa, Noorhan Abbas and Khalid M Saqr, ‘Judicial Authority and Rhetorical Strategies in Egyptian Abortion Rulings: A Computational Forensic Analysis’, International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue Internationale de Sémiotique Juridique, 38 (2025), 2419–43 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11196-025-10300-0
Faisal, Andri Yanto, Derita Prapti Rahayu, Dwi Haryadi, Anri Darmawan and Jeanne Darc Noviayanti Manik, ‘Genuine Paradigm of Criminal Justice: Rethinking Penal Reform within Indonesia New Criminal Code’, Cogent Social Sciences, 10 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2301634
Fajar, Alim, Indah Iftiati and Silvania Soviana, ‘Enforcement of Criminal Penalties for Drug Abuse Committed by Police Officers’, JUSTISI, 10 (2024), 296–314 https://doi.org/10.33506/js.v10i2.2812
Fajriyyah, Latifatul and Alfitri Alfitri, ‘Hearsay Evidence Admissibility: Due Process and Evidentiary Rules in Muslim Marriage Legalization (Isbat Nikah)’, Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 16 (2022), 265–92 https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v16no3.2464
Fasani, Giulia, Sarah Gino and Giulia Sguazzi, ‘Incidental Findings in Forensic Investigations: A Narrative Review’, Forensic Sciences, 3 (2023), 345–56 https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci3020026
Frederiks, Arjan J, Sílvia Costa, Boudewijn Hulst and Aard J Groen, ‘The Early Bird Catches the Worm: The Role of Regulatory Uncertainty in Early Adoption of Blockchain’s Cryptocurrency by Fintech Ventures’, Journal of Small Business Management, 62 (2024), 790–823 https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2022.2089355
Greenhalgh, Trisha and Eivind Engebretsen, ‘The Science-Policy Relationship in Times of Crisis: An Urgent Call for a Pragmatist Turn’, Social Science & Medicine, 306 (2022), 115140 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115140
Gutierrez-Lopez, Alfonso, ‘Methodological Guide to Forensic Hydrology’, Water, 14 (2022), 3863 https://doi.org/10.3390/w14233863
Haiqing, Peng, Md Ayub Ali and Robayet Ferdous Syed, ‘Harnessing Clinical Forensic Medicine in Rape Investigations: Analyzing Legal Frameworks and Practices in Bangladesh’, International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 83 (2025), 100791 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2025.100791
Handayani, I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi and Jasurbek Rustamovich Ehsonov, ‘Governing Illegal Settlements: Housing Policy in Singapore and Australia’, Journal of Sustainable Development and Regulatory Issues (JSDERI), 2 (2024), 86–107 https://doi.org/10.53955/jsderi.v2i2.44
Hari Wibowo, Dodi Jaya Wardana, Levina Yustitia and Hasnan Bachtiar, ‘The Legal Status of Circumstantial Evidence in the Context of Criminal Cases in Indonesia’, JUSTISI, 10 (2024), 716–28 https://doi.org/10.33506/js.v10i3.3307
Hope, Lorraine, Nkansah Anakwah, Jan Antfolk, Sonja P Brubacher, Heather Flowe, Fiona Gabbert, and others, ‘Urgent Issues and Prospects at the Intersection of Culture, Memory, and Witness Interviews: Exploring the Challenges for Research and Practice’, Legal and Criminological Psychology, 27 (2022), 1–31 https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.12202
Horák, Filip, ‘Human Dignity in Legal Argumentation: A Functional Perspective’, European Constitutional Law Review, 18 (2022), 237–63 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1574019622000141
Horsman, Graeme, ‘Digital Evidence Strategies for Digital Forensic Science Examinations’, Science & Justice, 63 (2023), 116–26 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2022.11.004
Huda, Chairul, Rena Yulia, Muhamad Romdoni, Yusuf Saefudin and Noorfajri Ismail, ‘Reassessing Functional Differentiation and Dominus Litis Under Indonesia’s New Criminal Procedure Code’, Jambe Law Journal, 8 (2025), 475–515 https://doi.org/10.22437/ymmfk139
I Made Wirya Darma, ‘The Development of Health Criminal Law in The Perspective of Dignified Justice: What and How?’, Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum Dan Keadilan, 12 (2024), 208–23 https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v12i1.1486
Ilo, Babajide Olatoye and Adekunbi Folashade Imosemi, ‘Prospect and Challenges of Criminal Procedures in Nigeria: A Review’, Unnes Law Journal, 8 (2022), 279–312 https://doi.org/10.15294/ulj.v8i2.56482
Irwan, Muhammad, Ali Rahman and Amaliyah Amaliyah, ‘Judicial Law-Finding in the Criminal Justice System: Harmonizing Legal Certainty and Substantive Justice’, SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 7 (2025), 647–63 https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i2.502
Jones, Alan Wayne, ‘Highly Cited Forensic Practitioners in the Discipline Legal and Forensic Medicine and the Importance of Peer-Review and Publication for Admission of Expert Testimony’, Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology, 18 (2022), 37–44 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-021-00447-0
Khan, Md Nazrul Islam and Ishtiaque Ahmed, ‘A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF JUDICIAL REFORMS AND LEGAL ACCESS STRATEGIES IN THE AGE OF CYBERCRIME AND DIGITAL EVIDENCE’, International Journal of Scientific Interdisciplinary Research, 05 (2024), 01–29 https://doi.org/10.63125/96ex9767
Kim, Bitna, ‘Transforming Justice Through Transnational and Transdisciplinary Translation: A Presidential Framework for Action 1’, Justice Quarterly, 43 (2026), 1–22 https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2025.2506485
Kinanti Puput Septiana and Beniharmoni Harefa, ‘Problems of Criminal Law Evidence in Murder and Sexual Violence Cases (Case Study of Vina Cirebon Murder)’, Jurnal Mahkamah : Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Hukum Islam, 9 (2024), 231–42 https://doi.org/10.25217/jm.v9i2.5135
Knes, Anna S, Madeleine de Gruijter, Matthijs C Zuidberg and Christianne J de Poot, ‘CSI-CSI: Comparing Several Investigative Approaches toward Crime Scene Improvement’, Science & Justice, 64 (2024), 63–72 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2023.11.009
Kotsoglou, Kyriakos N and Alex Biedermann, ‘Inroads into the Ultimate Issue Rule? Structural Elements of Communication between Experts and Fact-Finders’, The Journal of Criminal Law, 86 (2022), 223–40 https://doi.org/10.1177/00220183211073640
De La Chica, Anabella, Jason Birkett, Cynthia Akwei, David Lamont and Nick Dawnay, ‘Improving the Forensic Genetic Workflow for Countries with Small Geographical Areas: What Are the Options and How Cost Effective Are They?’, Forensic Science International: Genetics, 74 (2025), 103171 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103171
Lackey, Jennifer, ‘Eyewitness Testimony and Epistemic Agency’, Noûs, 56 (2022), 696–715 https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.12380
Lasaka, Mustalim, ‘Ius Constituendum of Electronic Evidence Arrangement in Criminal Procedure Law’, JURNAL LEGALITAS, 16 (2023), 154–66 https://doi.org/10.33756/jelta.v16i2.20306
Laux, Johann, Sandra Wachter and Brent Mittelstadt, ‘Three Pathways for Standardisation and Ethical Disclosure by Default under the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act’, Computer Law & Security Review, 53 (2024), 105957 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2024.105957
Le, Minh Hoang, ‘From Symbolic Compliance to Substantive Protection: A Comparative Study of Cambodia and Vietnam’s Anti-Trafficking Laws’, Journal of Human Trafficking, 2025, 1–21 https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2025.2598749
LI, ENSHEN, ‘Solid in Shape, Shattered in Practice? The “Sentencing Pyramid” in China’, Journal of Law and Society, 52 (2025), 292–314 https://doi.org/10.1111/jols.12536
Liu, Yizhi (Louis), Karen Xie and Wei Chen, ‘Recreational Cannabis Legalization and Illicit Drugs: Drug Usage, Mortality, and Darknet Transactions’, Production and Operations Management, 34 (2025), 99–119 https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241276132
Liyew, Estifanos Balew, ‘Accused Persons’ Speedy Trial Rights in Ethiopia’s Criminal Proceedings: Theory and Practice’, Cogent Social Sciences, 10 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2360171
Ma, Yong and Xiaolin Zhang, ‘Scientific Uncertainty and the Challenges of Applying Criminal Law: Lessons from China’s COVID-19 Response’, Heliyon, 10 (2024), e34777 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34777
Magaloni, Beatriz and Esteban Salmón, ‘Fabricated Justice: How Due Process Reform Enables Evidence Manipulation’, World Development, 199 (2026), 107222 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107222
Mahmoud Boulaares, Djemai and Mokhtar Boulaares, ‘Intercepting Voices: Voiceprint Recognition, Lawful Interception and Forensic Linguistics in Comparative Perspective’, International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue Internationale de Sémiotique Juridique, 2025 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11196-025-10363-z
Mani, R Thamizh, Vikram Palimar, Mamatha Shivananda Pai, TS Shwetha and M Nirmal Krishnan, ‘An Evolution of Forensic Linguistics: From Manual Analysis to Machine Learning – A Narrative Review’, Forensic Science International: Reports, 11 (2025), 100417 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100417
Manitra, Ramalina Ranaivo Mikea, Adya Paramita Prabandari, Abubakar Muhammad Jibril and Arafat Hossain, ‘A Proposal for Decriminilisation of Online Defamation in Indonesia: Towards a Human Rights-Based Approach’, Cogent Social Sciences, 12 (2026) https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2026.2613959
Mansyah, Muh Sutri, Rizki Mustika Suhartono, Hariasi Salad and Rasmala Dewi, ‘Immunity Rights of Experts Who Provide Statements in Trials’, The Digest: Journal of Jurisprudence and Legisprudence, 4 (2023), 163–78 https://doi.org/10.15294/digest.v4i2.75767
Marques, Ricardo, Patricio Domingues, Miguel Frade and Miguel Negrão, ‘Forensic Analysis of the Infotainment System of BMW Vehicles’, Forensic Science International: Digital Investigation, 56 (2026), 302066 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsidi.2026.302066
Mashdurohatun, Anis, Deny Arly Asmara, Erwin Zainul Hakim, Agung Hadi Wijanarko and Zekry Abd Elrazik Mohamed Ali, ‘The Independence of Civil Servant Investigators in Indonesian Immigration: A Fiqh Siyasah Perspective’, Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi Dan Keagamaan, 12 (2025), 345 https://doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v12i1.5120
Mashdurohatun, Anis, I Made Dwi Jayantara, Rudi Iskandar, Suroto and Ahmed Rabie, ‘Delayed Justice in Protecting Emergency Medical Workers’, Journal of Sustainable Development and Regulatory Issues (JSDERI), 3 (2025), 347–71 https://doi.org/10.53955/jsderi.v3i2.116
Mashdurohatun, Anis, Rizky Amalia Solichin, Rita Purwanti, Dedi Sutomo and Wildan Syukri, ‘A Justice and Maslahah-Based Reconstruction of Notary Removal Regulations’, Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi Dan Keagamaan, 12 (2025), 739 https://doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v12i2.9406
Mason, Sharon and Demosthenes Lorandos, ‘High Cost of Scientific Ignorance: A Conceptual Foundation for Scientific Literacy in the Courts’, Journal of Social Issues, 81 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.70001
Morgan, John, ‘Wrongful Convictions and Claims of False or Misleading Forensic Evidence’, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 68 (2023), 908–61 https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15233
Muhammad, Rustamaji, Shalih Mangara Sitompul, Tojiboyev Sarvar Zafarovich and Rahimah Embong, ‘The Reduction of Criminal Justice Policy in Indonesia: Justice versus Virality’, Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 5 (2025), 442–72 https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v5i2.637
Mukhamadieva, Gulzhan Nusupzhanovna, Akynkozha Kalenovich Zhanibekov, Nurdaulet Mukhamediyaruly Apsimet and Yerbol Temirkhanovich Alimkulov, ‘Integration of Artificial Intelligence into Criminal Procedure Law and Practice in Kazakhstan’, Laws, 14 (2025), 98 https://doi.org/10.3390/laws14060098
Mythili, KC and K Nagamani, ‘Safeguarding Women in Digital Spaces: Legal Responses to Cyber Harassment and Objectification on Social Media’, Development Policy Review, 43 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.70039
Natalis, Aga and Naufal Hasanuddin Djohan, ‘Cybersex Trafficking: Legal Challenges and Protection for Women and Children in Indonesia’, International Cybersecurity Law Review, 6 (2025), 421–56 https://doi.org/10.1365/s43439-025-00149-1
Nikitina, Daria, Arina Gegelman, Ekaterina Khodzhaeva and Marina Zaitseva, ‘Russian Forensic Medicine: Institutional Evolution, Operational Contradictions, and Their Implications’, Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 114 (2025), 102926 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102926
Nuryanto, Ahmad Dwi, Reza Octavia Kusumaningtyas and Bukhadyrov Habibullo, ‘The Imperative of Social Justice on the Insolvency and Workers’ Wage’, Journal of Sustainable Development and Regulatory Issues (JSDERI), 2 (2024), 209–32 https://doi.org/10.53955/jsderi.v2i3.48
Pangaribuan, Aristo, ‘Authority, Rights, and Reform: Legislative Struggles over Indonesia’s Criminal Procedure Code (1979–1981)’, Asian Journal of Comparative Law, 20 (2025), 100–119 https://doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2025.10004
———, ‘Indonesia’s Criminal Justice System: A Case Study of Inter-Agency Conflict and the Fight for Power’, Asian Journal of Law and Society, 2025, 1–27 https://doi.org/10.1017/als.2025.10018
Pangaribuan, Aristo M, ‘Truth, Bias, and Abuse of Power: How Indonesia’s Evidentiary Threshold Shapes Criminal Justice’, The International Journal of Evidence & Proof, 2025 https://doi.org/10.1177/13657127251389628
Prince Tritto, Philippe and Hiram Ponce, ‘Causal Artificial Intelligence in Legal Language Processing: A Systematic Review’, Entropy, 27 (2025), 351 https://doi.org/10.3390/e27040351
Ramalina Ranaivo, Mikea Manitra, ‘Illegal Online Loan (Pinjol) in Indonesia: Ethical and Human Rights Perspectives’, Recht Studiosum Law Review, 3 (2024), 58–76 https://doi.org/10.32734/rslr.v3i1.16206
Robalo, Teresa Lancry AS and Razwana Begum Bt Abdul Rahim, ‘Cyber Victimisation, Restorative Justice and Victim-Offender Panels’, Asian Journal of Criminology, 18 (2023), 61–74 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11417-023-09396-9
Ruiz-Tagle, Samuel, ‘FROM DISCRETION TO EXPERT JUDGEMENT: RECASTING SEDIMENTED CONCEPTS IN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW’, The Cambridge Law Journal, 83 (2024), 549–80 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008197324000473
Saipudin, Lalu, Salim HS., Rodliyah Rodliyah and Laely Wulandari, ‘The Concept of Corporate Criminal Liability in the Indonesian Criminal Law System’, Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum Dan Keadilan, 13 (2025), 475–99 https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v13i2.1817
Sandi, Jhon Retei Alfri, ‘Fragmented Sovereignties: Multilevel Power and Customary Governance in Dayak Territories of Kalimantan’, Ethnopolitics, 2025, 1–23 https://doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2025.2592447
Sari, Amalia, ‘Strengthening The Authority of the Public Prosecution Service in Handling Corruption Case Through the Reform of Indonesia’s Criminal Procedure Code Authors’, Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences, 3 (2025), 527–38 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.38035/gijlss.v3i2.492
Schlicht, Laurens, ‘The Psychology of Testimony and the Interrogation of Children: Contesting the Expertise of Teachers and Female Police Officers, circa 1922–1944’, NTM Zeitschrift Für Geschichte Der Wissenschaften, Technik Und Medizin, 33 (2025), 487–515 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00048-025-00432-6
Setyowati, Retno Kus, ‘The Conclusive Phase of Civil Case Resolution: Examining Execution and Post-Decision Challenges in Indonesian Civil Procedural Law’, Unnes Law Journal, 9 (2023), 311–32 https://doi.org/10.15294/ulj.v9i2.74836
Sidabutar, Ronny Nicolas, Elwi Danil, Edi Yunara and Mahmud Mulyadi, ‘Criminal Policy in Law Enforcement of Criminal Acts of Drug Circulation in the Digital Era’, KnE Social Sciences, 2024 (2024), 570–600 https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v8i21.14775
Slamet, Amalul Arifin, Nandang Sambas and Ade Mahmud, ‘Families of Victims Often Reject Forensic Autopsies in Cases of Unnatural Death’, Sinergi International Journal of Law, 2 (2024), 159–69 https://doi.org/10.61194/law.v2i2.161
Stoykova, Radina, ‘The Right to a Fair Trial as a Conceptual Framework for Digital Evidence Rules in Criminal Investigations’, Computer Law & Security Review, 49 (2023), 105801 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105801
Subhan, Ahmad, Dominikus Rato and Bayu Dwi Anggono, ‘Equal Legal Standing of Citizens in Judicial Review of Constitutional Court Law: A Multicultural Perspective to Achieve Legal Certainty’, Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies, 4 (2023), 139–51 https://doi.org/10.30984/kijms.v4i2.710
Sunarno, Sunarno, M Iman Santoso, AM Tri Anggaraini and Anwar Budiman, ‘Resolution of Employment Termination Disputes in the Industrial Relations Court Cocerning Works Rights Specifically in Relation’, Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 4 (2024), 16–26 https://doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v4i1.1012
Susilo, Erwin, Mohd Din, Suhaimi Suhaimi and Teuku Muttaqin Mansur, ‘Justice Delayed, Justice Denied: A Critical Examination of Repeated Suspect Status in Indonesia’, Hasanuddin Law Review, 10 (2025), 342–57 https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v10i3.6088
Terra Whisnu Murti and Abdul Kholiq, ‘Reformulation of Electronic Evidence in Forex Trading Manipulation Crimes’, JUSTISI, 11 (2025), 587–606 https://doi.org/10.33506/js.v11i2.4264
Tuazon, Oliver M, Ray A Wickenheiser, Ricky Ansell, Christi J Guerrini, Gerrit-Jan Zwenne and Bart Custers, ‘Law Enforcement Use of Genetic Genealogy Databases in Criminal Investigations: Nomenclature, Definition and Scope’, Forensic Science International: Synergy, 8 (2024), 100460 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100460
Voutyrakou, Dialekti A and Constantine Skordoulis, ‘Using AI Tools to Enhance Educational Robotics to Bridge the Gender Gap in STEM’, Education Sciences, 15 (2025), 711 https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15060711
Widyawati, Anis, Muhammad Azil Maskur, Rohadhatul Aisy, Papontee Teeraphan and Heru Setyanto, ‘The Urgency of Supervision Institutions in Implementing Prisoners’ Rights as an Effort to Restructure Criminal Execution Laws’, Jambura Law Review, 7 (2025), 127–51 https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v7i1.27595
Woodman, Peter A, Caroline Spiranovic, Roberta Julian, Kaye N Ballantyne and Sally F Kelty, ‘The Impact of Chemical Trace Evidence on Justice Outcomes: Exploring the Additive Value of Forensic Science Disciplines’, Forensic Science International, 307 (2020), 110121 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.110121
Wulandari, Serlina, Warasman Marbun and Roland Hutabarat, ‘Importance of Scientific Crime Investigation (SCI) in Solving Murder Cases in Indonesia’, Justice Voice, 4 (2025), 71–82 https://doi.org/10.37893/jv.v4i2.1183
Zhong, Hui, ‘Solving the Judicial Dilemma of Coastal Environmental Protection in China: An Integrated Approach Under the National Policy of Land and Sea Coordination’, Coastal Management, 53 (2025), 465–79 https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2025.2598709